什麼是疼痛醫學 What is Pain Medicine

原理:

 以少量局部麻醉藥，短時間「關掉」懷疑有問題的神經或關節，觀察痛楚是否明顯減少。 

目的

 幫助確認真正痛源位置，協助決定之後是否需要射頻、消融或其他介入治療。 

原理

 將類固醇及局部麻醉藥直接注射到發炎或受壓位置，如硬膜外腔、椎間關節、骶髂關節、觸發點等。 

目的     

減低局部發炎和腫脹，紓緩神經受壓，達到止痛並改善活動能力。

原理 

利用自身血液或細胞（如 PRP、高濃度血小板、濃縮幹細胞），處理後注射回受損關節或軟組織，促進修復反應。 

目的

 幫助軟骨、肌腱、韌帶等慢性損傷組織修復與重建，期望長遠減少痛楚、改善關節功能。 

原理

 以電流或藥物調節神經功能，而非破壞神經，例如脈衝射頻、交感神經阻滯、脊髓電刺激器、鞘內止痛泵等。

目的

 降低神經對痛覺的敏感度，改變痛覺傳入中樞的方式，控制頑固或廣泛性慢性痛。  

原理     

使用熱能（射頻）、冷凍或化學藥物（如酒精、酚）破壞傳遞痛覺的神經纖維或神經叢。

目的     

較長時間阻斷痛覺訊號，多用於嚴重退化性痛症、癌痛或內臟痛，當其他治療效果不足時考慮。

原理     

以植入式裝置，如脊髓電刺激器、鞘內止痛泵，長期調節神經活動或在脊髓附近持續輸送止痛藥物。

目的     

 為廣泛或頑固慢性痛提供較持久的止痛方案，減少口服止痛藥需要並改善生活質素。​ 

原理     

透過神經叢阻斷或神經消融（如腹腔神經叢阻滯、內臟神經消融），直接處理與腫瘤或內臟相關的痛覺傳導。

目的     

 針對中晚期癌痛或嚴重內臟痛，提供較強及持久的止痛，配合全人照顧，提升生活質素 。​ 

Principle

 Use a small amount of local anaesthetic to temporarily “switch off” a suspected pain generating nerve or joint and observe whether the pain is clearly  

Purpose

 Help confirm the true source of pain and guide decisions on whether radiofrequency, neurolysis or other interventional procedures are appropriate. 

Principle

Inject corticosteroids and local anaesthetic directly to sites of inflammation or compression, such as the epidural space, facet joints, sacroiliac joints or muscle trigger points. 

Purpose     

Reduce local inflammation and swelling, relieve nerve compression, provide pain relief and improve mobility.

Principle

Use the patient’s own blood or cells (such as PRP, high concentration platelet products, or concentrated stem cells), process them, and inject them back into damaged joints or soft tissues to stimulate healing.

Purpose

Promote repair and remodeling of chronically injured tissues such as cartilage, tendons and ligaments, aiming for longer term pain reduction and functional improvement.。 

Principle

Modulate rather than destroy nerve function using electrical stimulation or drugs, for example pulsed radiofrequency, sympathetic nerve blocks, spinal cord stimulation and intrathecal drug delivery pumps.

Purpose

Decrease nerve sensitivity to pain and alter how pain signals are transmitted to the central nervous system, helping control persistent or widespread chronic pain.

Principle     

Use heat (radiofrequency), cold (cryoablation) or chemicals (such as alcohol or phenol) to destroy pain transmitting nerve fibres or nerve plexuses.

Purpose   

Provide longer lasting interruption of pain signals, especially in severe degenerative pain, cancer pain or visceral pain when other treatments are insufficient

Principle

 Use implanted devices, such as spinal cord stimulators or intrathecal drug delivery pumps, to provide long‑term neuromodulation or continuous delivery of analgesic medication near the spinal  

Purpose    

Offer sustained pain control for widespread or refractory chronic pain, reduce the need for oral pain medications and improve quality of life.​ 

Principle  

Use nerve plexus blocks or neuroablative procedures (such as celiac plexus block or splanchnic nerve neurolysis) to directly target pain pathways related to tumours or internal organs.

Purpose    

Provide stronger and more durable pain relief for moderate to advanced cancer pain or severe visceral pain, as part of comprehensive supportive and palliative care.